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Great thread guys! Very interesting indeed. I checked 802.11ma-rev8 (the latest available all-in-one doc), and section 9.2 covers your RTS/CTS exchanges. It says:

A STA configured not to initiate the RTS/CTS mechanism shall still update its virtual CS mechanism with the duration information contained in a received RTS or CTS frame, and shall always respond to an RTS addressed to it with a CTS if permitted by medium access rules.

So, regardless of whether the STA receiving the RTS is associated to an AP or not, it still has to respond to an RTS addressed to it.

Something else came to mind as to why your card might not have responded:

It could've been dozing when the RTS was sent -- make sure it's not in Power Save mode and then try the test more than once.

Devinator